US households face unprecedented challenges related to the high cost of housing.
In this paper, we characterize the affordability crisis, assess the primary drivers of
unaffordable housing, and offer potential policy solutions. We argue that several
distinct housing-market challenges—including financing gaps, local restrictions
that make it difficult and/or costly to build, and a lack of an entitlement program—
present distinct challenges to both an adequate and an affordable housing supply.
Importantly, though, the impact of these features becomes more dramatic during
economic downturns. Our current national housing challenges are a product of
longstanding structural challenges that were amplified by an unprecedented lack
of building after the 2008 financial crisis. As a result, the policy recommendations
sit within a broader series of reforms and policy solutions that ensure that housing
supply meets demand, and that affordability is not compromised, during all periods
of the economic cycle.
