2300 Steinberg-Dietrich Hall
3620 Locust Walk
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Research Interests: asset pricing, econometrics, international finance, macroeconomics
Links: Personal Website
PhD, University of Chicago, 1994; MA, University of Chicago, 1991; MA, Tel-Aviv University, 1988; BA, Tel-Aviv University, 1985
2004 Smith Breeden Award for Distinguished Papers; Alfred Sloan Dissertation Fellowship, 1994
Wharton: 1997-present (named Robert Morris Professor of Banking, 2009; named Gilbert and Shelly Harrison Term Associate Professor, 2008-2009). Previous appointments: Carnegie Mellon University
Visiting Scholar, Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University, June 1996, 2003; Summer Intern, Research Department, International Monetary Fund, 1993; Unit Head, The Financial Advisor to the Chief of Staff, Israel Defense Foreces, 1985-89
Uncertainty plays a key role in economics, finance, and decision sciences. Financial markets, in particular derivative markets, provide fertile ground for understanding how perceptions of economic uncertainty and cashflow risk manifest themselves in asset prices. We demonstrate that the variance premium, defined as the difference between the squared VIX index and expected realized variance, captures attitudes toward uncertainty. We show conditions under which the variance premium displays significant time variation and return predictability. A calibrated, generalized Long-Run Risks model generates a variance premium with time variation and return predictability that is consistent with the data, while simultaneously matching the levels and volatilities of the market return and risk free rate. Our evidence indicates an important role for transient non-Gaussian shocks to fundamentals that affect agents’ views of economic uncertainty and prices.
What is the effect of non-tradeable idiosyncratic risk on asset-market risk premiums? Constantinides and Duffie (1996) and Mankiw (1986) have shown that risk premiums will increase if the idiosyncratic shocks become more volatile during economic contractions. We add two important ingredients to this relationship: (i) the life cycle, and (ii) capital accumulation. We show that in a realistically calibrated life-cycle economy with production these ingredients mitigate the ability of idiosyncratic risk to account for the observed Sharpe ratio on U.S. equity. While the Constantinides-Duffie model can account for the U.S. value of 41% with a risk-aversion coefficient of 8, our model generates a Sharpe ratio of 33%, which is roughly half-way to the complete-markets value of 25%. Almost all of this reduction is due to capital accumulation. Life-cycle effects are important in our model — we demonstrate that idiosyncratic risk matters for asset pricing because it inhibits the intergenerational sharing of aggregate risk — but their
net effect on the Sharpe ratio is small.
We use a production-based asset pricing model to investigate whether financing constraints are quantitatively important for the cross-section of returns. Specifically, we use GMM to explore the stochastic Euler equation imposed on returns by optimal investment. Our methods can identify the impact of financial frictions on the stochastic discount factor with cyclical variations in cost of external funds. We find that financing frictions provide a common factor that improves the pricing of cross-sectional returns. Moreover, the shadow cost of external funds exhibits strong procyclical variation, so that financial frictions are more important in relatively good economic conditions.
In their seminal paper, Mehra and Prescott (1985), Rajnish Mehra and Edward Prescott were the first among many subsequent authors to suggest that non-traded labor-market risk may provide a resolution to the equity-premium puzzle. The most direct demonstration of this was Constantinides and Duffie (1996), who showed that, under certain conditions, cross-sectionally uncorrelated unit-root shocks which become more volatile during economic contractions can resolve the puzzle. We examine the robustness of this to life-cycle effects. Retired people, for instance, do not face labor-market risk. If we incorporate them, to what extent will the equity premium be resurrected? Our answer is “not very much.” Our model, with realistic life cycle features, can still account for about 75% of the average equity premium and the Sharpe ratio observed on the U.S. stock market.
Major topics include foreign exchange rates, international money markets, currency and interest rate derivatives, international stock and bond portfolios, and cryptocurrencies. Students learn about the features of financial instruments and the motivations of market participants. The class focuses on risk management, investing, and arbitrage in these markets. In addition to course prerequisites, FNCE 1010 is recommended but not required.
Major topics include foreign exchange rates, international money markets, currency and interest rate derivatives, international stock and bond portfolios, and cryptocurrencies. Students learn about the features of financial instruments and the motivations of market participants. The class focuses on risk management, investing, and arbitrage in these markets. In addition to course prerequisites, FNCE 6130 is recommended but not required.
Independent Study Projects require extensive independent work and a considerable amount of writing. ISP in Finance are intended to give students the opportunity to study a particular topic in Finance in greater depth than is covered in the curriculum. The application for ISP's should outline a plan of study that requires at least as much work as a typical course in the Finance Department that meets twice a week. Applications for FNCE 8990 ISP's will not be accepted after the THIRD WEEK OF THE SEMESTER. ISP's must be supervised by a Standing Faculty member of the Finance Department.
This course is an introduction to empirical methods commonly employed in finance. It provides the background for FNCE 934, Empirical Research in Finance. The course is organized around empirical papers with an emphasis on econometric methods. A heavy reliance will be placed on analysis of financial data.
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Knowledge @ Wharton - 2024/12/19