We study bank specialization in lending in the US corporate loan market. We document that banks specialize in lending to specific industries. Specialization is persistent over time and common across industries. Using detailed information on credit agreements, we show that the typical loan contract between a bank specialized in an industry and a firm in the same industry has less restrictive financial covenants and no higher spreads, relative to other industries. These results are not explained by relationship lending, high industry market shares, or geographical proximity, and are robust to using default shocks on lenders’ loan portfolios as a source of variation in banks’ self-assessment of screening abilities. We suggest that banks specialize in lending because of information advantages in monitoring specific industries.